Bronchiolitis Obliterans Associated with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / 소아과

Bronchiolitis Obliterans(BO) is one of the rare inflammatory lung disease that primarily affects bronchi and bronchioles, followed by partial or complete obstruction. In children, the etiology of BO has been under consideration, but infections and toxic inhalation, connective tissue diseases, lung transplantation, congestive pulmonary edema, etc., may be causes of BO. Even though steroid therapy was reported as an effective treatment, there are few data regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, long term prognosis and therapy. Here we describe a 5-year-old boy who presented with intractable wheezing associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome after Varicella-Zoster virus infection and was diagnosed as BO through chest high-resolution computed tomography.

A Case of Joubert Syndrome

Joubert syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by dysgenesis of the cerebellar vermis, hypotonia, developmental delay, ataxia, abnormal eye movements, and a respiratory pattern of alternating tachypnea and apnea. Brain MRI shows the molar tooth sign resulting from dysplasia of the isthmic segment of the brain stem, superior cerebellar peduncles, and vermis. We experienced a case of Joubert syndrome, who was a 18 month-old female with episodic hyperpnea, developmental delay, abnormal eye movements and complete agenesis of the cerebellar vermis. We present this case with a brief review of literature.

The Change of Serum Calcium Level during Last Decade in Kangwondo, Korea

PURPOSE: Nowadays, drinks, foods and snacks have frequently been intensified with calcium and the insights into the importance of calcium-intake in general has developed in Korea. In this decade, we found the numbers of children who was visited to our hospital for evaluation of hematuria defined with hypercalciuria were increased. So we tried to compare the mean levels of serum calcium, alkaline phosphate, sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN, creatinine, bicarbonate and urinary pH who visited our hospital in 1991, 1992 with in 2000, 2001. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1991 to December 1992, and between January 2000 to December 2001, each 366 children and 488 children, aged 1 month to 15 years, who presented in our hospital for tonsilectomy and adenoidectomy or for inguinal herniorrhaphy were enrolled in the study. The children in the study were checked the level of serum calcium, alkaline phosphate, sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN, creatinine, bicarbonate and urinary pH with the machine which was corrected the similar levels of practical chemical levels in serum. We compared each mean levels in 1991s' group with in 2001s' group totally and separately through the age and sex. We used t-test to analysis data. RESULTS: The levels of serum calcium, alkaline phosphate, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and urinary pH of 2001s' group were significantly higher than the levels of 1991s' group(P<0.05). The each level was 9.91+/-0.50 mg/dL, 248.58+/-94.98 U/L, 0.61+/-0.14 mg/dL, 138.64+/-2.22 mM/L, 4.35+/-0.40 mM/L, 6.18+/-0.86 in 2001s' and 9.13+/-0.68 mg/dL, 198.26+/-79.34 U/L, 0.433+/-0.18 mg/dL, 137.86+/-2.67 mM/L, 4.22+/-0.36 mM/L, 5.83+/-0.95 in 1991s'. And the levels of serum bicarbonate, 23.64+/-2.57 mM/L in 2001s' was significantly lower than the 1991s', 24.60+/-2.23 mM/L (P<0.05). The similar results were detected each age and sex group. CONCLUSION: The levels of serum calcium increase in this decade. The results will be used as a basic data for the national health plan in the years to come.